Strategic HR Approach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic HR Approach - Research Paper Example I will discuss some of the solutions that I use to settle down issues within my management enterprise. It will also address some issues in employee safety and benefits. As the head of human resources; I have to evaluate the available resources in relation to the personnel required. Environmental analysis, evaluation, and formulation are also necessary for effective performance (Armstrong & Baron, 2002: 70). 1) Health and security of workers At one time, an employee had cancer and had to be hospitalized for two months, which consumed all her finances and left her with hospital bills to clear. As the head of human resource, I had to issue a statement to the finance department for them to release the finances. This was going to be dependent on the nature of output that she gave the enterprise. Since her performance was an asset to the organization, she got the cash. The rewards comparison to effort determines the eligibility of the workers to the institution. Such individuals, who help the organization towards achieving its goal, the enterprise have the obligation to maintain them and integrate them into the institution (Sharma, 2009: 98). Before employing workers, they sign an employment contract that entitles them to interests and other flexibility offers. Such benefits help cater for the employee needs. The government has also come up with enactments to ensure that workers get friendly working terms (Armstrong, 2008: 154). As the human resource director, I have the obligation to recruit new staff to the enterprise, and hence there are considerations to make including academic competence and readiness to work in a competitive environment before taking in new staff. 2) Effective relations between workers and supervisors Strategic management helps the institution realize its objective by ensuring proper maintenance of the workers. A change with the supervisors seemed necessary. Nevertheless, on changing the supervisor, more accidents were reported and the supervis or complained that the workers output was considerably low. As the head of personnel, I had to find a solution to help us regain our output and to motivate our workers on their performance. The supervisor lacked the skills to motivate the workers to improve their performance, and he should have noted that the people working were older which affected their performance. Leaders should not exert unnecessary pressure causing confusions and disrupting workers (Armstrong, 2008: 147). For effective management, an individual needs to be keen, committed with excellent problem solving skills and well equipped with the knowledge to help in understanding personal responsibilities clearly. I had to instruct the supervisor on how to handle our staff to avoid further accidents, which were due to tension among the workers. By training, giving orders, and detailing in a manner of performance helped the organization retain back to its production quantities that the supervisor improved with time after learning how to handle the personnel. It was impossible to lose all the experienced workers in the enterprise and hence the only strategy was to resolve on how to maintain both (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2011: 310). 3) Equality Punctuality in the job is quite noteworthy, and all personnel are subject to the rules irrespective of their positions or relations in the enterprise

Best Practices for School Principals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best Practices for School Principals - Essay Example This essay declares that principals are the chief executives of schools. In the absence of a competent principal, a school may face lot of problems. In other words, a principal can make or break a school. Scholars often talk about the importance of teaching and the skills necessary for teachers. They speak less about the importance of principals in controlling or managing school resources. In fact principal is the person who is managing the school resources, including teachers and infrastructure facilities in the school compound. This paper analyses the importance and best practices of school principals in general and school principals in Texas in particular. This paper stresses that democratic way of functioning by the principal is always welcomed by the students, parents and teachers. However, it is not necessary that democracy may bring intended results in schools. For example, teachers and students may consider the liberal attitudes of the principal as a weakness and they may try to exploit it. In order to avoid that it is better for the principal to implement situational leadership in his functioning. In other words, the principal should change his way of functioning based on the situations. There are situations in which the principal forced to use his power and authority to punish the students and teachers. Teachers may come late and students may not attend the classes regularly, if the principal fails to punish the culprits. School is a place from which the students lean discipline. In the absence of a competent principal, students may learn crazy life styles from school campuses instead of discipline. It should be noted that in ma ny of the Texas school campuses, drug addiction and alcoholism are big problems. Moreover sexual exploitation is also taking place in many of the Texas school campuses. If the principal fails to take necessary actions to punish the culprits, such unacceptable behaviors may increase in school compounds. In short, an effective principal should be the one who implements

GSM based Wireless Notice Board

GSM based Wireless Notice Board 2.2 BACKGROUND The use of scrolling display boards for advertisement is becoming common these days at various shops, shopping centers, railway and bus stations and other such places. It is becoming an effective mode for communicating with the public and providing them information. The issue with such displays is when frequent updating of the messages is required. It becomes inflexible, time consuming and a technician needs to go to that location of display board and plug the computer to it and then update it. it doesnt give the flexibility to change the message from any remote place. Another issue is with the placement of display boards, it cannot be placed at any place due to its complex and delicate wiring. 2.3 To overcome such problems, I designed a GSM based Wireless LED notice board. It is basically a display system that uses real time noticing, b sending messages through mobile phone in the form of SMS. In such system, there is no requirement of reprogramming the code to update or change the message that needs to be updated as the whole process is based on wireless technology. A multiplexing method is used to drive the LEDs. And the power requirement for display module is also reduced. 2.4 OBJECTIVES I aimed to develop a moving sign board which can be controlled by the user by sending a SMS. The user can change the scrolling/display message immediately unlike the old device which requires personal attention at the location using a desk bound device like PC or laptop. My project will let user update it even from a remote distance. Once the message is displayed and is in use, it gets deleted from the system memory to allow new updates to be stored and making space for upcoming SMS. Also, I wanted to design a model which has reduced complexity and simplified hardware and wiring requirements. 2.5 Wireless technology is an upcoming technology, due to this reason I planned a project based on it. It implements the wireless communication between a mobile phone and a display board. It uses a combined feature of microcontroller and wireless technology to construct an accurate and effective communication system.   The user makes use of a simple GSM based mobile handset which will help in sending messages for display purpose via SMS to various display boards. A GSM modem is used at the receiver end which detects and receives upcoming new messages. Proper coding is set in the microcontroller which gives AT commands to read the SMS that is received from the modem and is then stored in the microcontroller. 2.6 The nature of my project initially was research and survey based along with problem solving. I had to consider the safety issue and fast track transmission of the information. The duties I was required to perform are: I had to divide the project in smaller parts and assign time-duration for each task. I was involved in intensive research and analysis based on the topic of interest for my project. I had to perform survey on various microcontrollers, peripheral devices for e.g. LCD, transmitter and receiver circuits, GSM and many more based on the need of the project. I projected a schematic diagram with the help of ORCAD software. I designed the PCB layout. After having the PCB layout I was required to make the hardware structure. Which was followed by writing the code for the working of the device. Lastly, it involved preparation of report and presentation for the entire project. It was my duty to keep my project guide updated with the progress of the project. 2.7 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY To begin working on my project, I started studying topics of interest and related to my project. After processing and analyzing the information found based on my survey, I started designing the block diagram for my project. I used ORCAD software to design the schematic diagram. It was a new software for me, so it took time in understanding its functions and tools. I structured my drawing in such a way that the project focuses on the transmission of textual data through air interface with the help of GSM through asynchronous serial communication. When a unique pass key is entered, the data gets displayed on the LCD. Also, it will receive and accept data from dedicated and registered user only by performing address matching. 2.8 Various components that were used are described below: Power supply I used a step-down transformer of 230V primary to 5V secondary voltage that would give a power supply of +5V. This circuit also provides a variable 12V supply to the motor drivers. GSM Modem    in the receiving section, it consists of a slot which holds the SIM card. The SIM stores the messages that are sent by the user. It works on single supply voltage of 3.4V 4.5V. Max232 level convertor it is a dual driver or receiver which acts as an interface medium between the microcontroller and the modem. Microcontroller I used the 89S52 microcontroller which is a 40-pin powerful controller which consists of several features. It provides a special feature of data signal and clock signal which is required for scrolling the messages. 648 LED dot matrix it is formed by wiring multiple LEDs together in rows and columns. It is done so that it minimizes the number of pins that are required to drive them. Each character is displayed by scanning of either rows or columns. Shift register IC74LS154 it is a high speed 8bit Serial-In Parallel-Out shift register. I have made use of shift register to minimize the number of I/O pins that would be used to drive the column of LED matrix. Crystal 11.0592MHz such high value crystal helps in reducing the flickering effect that is seen in the LEDs. 2.9 After finalizing the components, I went ahead to connect each component to the PCB. After laying out the PCB me and was shown to my project guide for any improvement possibility and to get feedback on it. After getting the final confirmation from my supervisor I connected the components and completed the full hardware structure. The next task was writing the code for its functioning. I prepared a flow chart to follow a well-defined path while writing the code. I used keil Microvision software to write my code. It develops a HEX file which can be loaded into the microcontroller. I wrote my programming code in Embedded C language. I divided my working in two parts, so the code was written in two parts. 2.10 The display process begins by writing 0 on all rows. This will result in blanking out of all LEDs at the beginning. The microcontroller uses ASCII code for each character that must be displayed. It uses this value to access the corresponding display pattern in a character look up table. The display will be sent out to the display shift register in serial manner. For but with value 1, the LED will be kept off and for bit with value 0, the LED will be kept on. This process gets repeated for first line of the other five display matrix. And thus, enabling the first pin. The same process is repeated for every row till all the rows are displayed. In row scanning, appropriate logic levels are set and passed to the columns and each row is selected for about 1ms time. Thus, creating a persistence of vision effect and the image is displayed as a still perceived image. The microcontroller uses and generated a HEX value for every character that needs to be displayed. 2.11 The second part involves scrolling of the message. This effect is achieved by defining seven display buffers, each of size 32 bits and stores the bit information of 648 LED in the matrix. The scrolling process for displaying the message begins from right to left. All the column values for all the rows are shifted to the left direction by giving a suitable volume of shift step. This will help to move the character from right to left. After successfully shifting of the character, the row values of next character are taken up. This is done after scrolling it for 5 time per character to accommodate many characters simultaneously. For every shift, the display buffer gets updated. Every character is shifted six times to fully load into the display buffer. Thus, the process continues until all the characters in the messages are loaded. After loading of each character, the message will continue to scroll until a new message is received. The microcontroller automatically stops the display and extracts the new message from SIM card on the arrival of new message. It then executes the above cycle for new display process which scrolls down the new message. 2.12 On completion of the software and hardware part of my project, I performed a test run on it to check the working of the project. On facing difficulties, I performed troubleshooting on the whole system and gave it a run again. Constant helped was received by my faculty members during any difficulty. Major problem faced by me was in completing the programming code of the model. As my projects main heart was the software. I referred many software books and coding languages to understand the problem and solve it. Another issue was related to the receiving the signal from the GSM module to the microcontroller. I thought the problem was in the GSM module, but on later evaluation of the problem, I came to know the problem was in the connection, the input pins for the microcontroller was mismatched and soldered in wrong place. To rectify the issue, I studied my circuit diagram again and soldered it to the correct place. 2.13 SUMMARY To conclude, my project explains each development step I took for designing the GSM based notice board by integrating features of all hardware components used. Each module is reasoned out and placed carefully, thus making the unit to work best. The speed of the display can be controlled through the software and the message is displayed as required. Keeping a good scope open for future use in various industries such as food industry, in trains, in educational institute etc. The project gave me a good experience in my own field. I developed many technical skills, managerial skills, and problem solving skills. I believe I made a good use of my academic knowledge that I had gained during my bachelors and applied it to my project. The project was successfully completed on time. I gave weekly report and presentation to the project guide.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - The Character of Scout :: Kill Mockingbird essays

In this essay you will be informed about Jean Louise Finch, or other-wise known as Scout, after reading this essay you will understand about her physical description, conflicts, courage, and emotional moments discussed in the book , 'To Kill A Mocking Bird' by Harper Lee. Scout is just a straight, plain tom-boy.   She wears dirty overalls, very scruffy, has bangs and, like most tom-boys, hates to wear dresses.   That was just to tell a little about her physically you will find more about her behaviour while reading the following paragraphs. There are moments in this book that show conflict between Scout and other characters.   An example of a conflict is between Scout and Cecil Jacob, a class-mate.   This conflict is about her father, Atticus, Cecil said that Atticus was a nigger-lover.   The same conflict came up again but this time it was between Scout and Francis, her cousin, about her dad, Atticus, being a nigger-lover, this conflict started on page 83-86.   A part of this is below (page 86): '"What did Francis call him[Atticus]?". "A nigger-lover...."' One other conflict was with an old lady, Mrs. Dubose, this conflict was started by Mrs. Dubose, she had started this problem because she was being snappy at Scout for no reason, Scout hated her, this hate is shown on page 99.   It is stated below: '"Jem and I hated her[Mrs. Dubose]."' So after Scout had found out Mrs. Dubose's reason for be snappy all the time, the reason was she was sick and on the drug Morphine. Scout is an extremely courageous character too.   Since I've told you about the Cecil Jacobs' conflict you might be thinking, "What a JERK!!"   Scout does too and wants to make him eat a knuckle-sandwich!   The amazing and courageous part is that she has never turned down a fight in her life but now she does because Atticus had said for her not to listen and most importantly of all not to fight back.   So she is not fighting back because of her love for Atticus but taking the blow, as in letting them call her and her father names.   I call this being a courageous human-being.   This drama is shown on pages 75-77.   I have taken an example from pages 76-77: '"You gonna take that back, boy[Cecil Jacobs]?" '"You gotta make me first!" .... "My parents say...."   I drew a bead on him, remembered what Atticus had said, then dropped my fists and walked away, "Scout's a coward!" ringing in my ears.

Effectiveness Of Anti-Smoking Advertisement Essay

Out of the total business of Tobacco in the world (i.e. $ 27 billion a year), 50% amount of the total turnover is being spent on marketing of the products (U.S. FTC _Cigarette Report_ 2007). The total deaths due to smoking were 100 million in the 20th Century. If precautions are not taken, it may go up-to one billion in the 21st Century against the present count of 5.4 million deaths as per WHO report, Feb.8 (Xinhua). The WHO report also says that governments earn as revenue more than 500 times than what these spend on non-smoking campaigns. The turnover targets of the tobacco industry also calls for anti smoking charitable organizations to prevent smoking for the freshers and take into confidence the regular smokers to quit. Different Messages should be used to impress people and these should be very much effective through a research. All these messages should reach the people through an outdoor campaigning or through radio, television or distribution of printed pamphlets. Public Relation shall also help you to contact the affected persons. Besides these, Internet contacts and meetings on the public places shall also help you to achieve the targets. 1. BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM DEFINITION Smoking is highly detrimental to health. Regular smoking can lead to serious diseases like lung cancer and chronic heart diseases. It reduces productivity of smokers and hence of organizations in which they are working which in turn hampers the economic growth of the country. The same effects are applicable on second-hand or passive smoker also. A lot of resources of any economy are diverted curing different diseases of active and passive smokers. Such resources could have been diverted towards other productive activities. The possible ways of reducing smoking and hence reducing its negative impact may be: (a) increasing the prices of cigarettes substantially by imposing huge taxes on cigarettes; (b) banning cigarettes  in public places. However, cigarette smoking is an addiction and its demand is relatively price inelastic and thus option (a) has limited scope to reduce smoking. Banning smoking in public places has also limited scope because individuals have the liberty to smoke in private without any major decrease in smoking. To compel individuals to reduce or quit smoking, an effective approach is through advertisement campaigns highlighting the ill-effects of smoking. However, advertisement campaigns will be successful in their objectives only when they are effectively designed and communicated. Since advertisement campaigns involve huge expenditure, it should give the maximum benefit in terms of large reduction in number of smokers. That is, advertisement campaigns should be cost-effective. Thus, designing an effective advertisement campaign is of prime importance for the benefit of any society or economy. This project is an attempt in this direction. This project aims to suggest what a successful anti-smoking advertisement campaign should contain? When the smoking statistics is analyzed for UK, it is observed that it is the highest amongst the persons who aged 20-34 years. Around 35% of persons (both men and women) in the age group of 20-34 years smoke. The lowest smoking rate is amongst the persons who aged 60 and above. Around 16% of the persons in the age group of 60 and above smoke. When the smoking rate amongst the adults is analyzed, it is found out that 29% of men and 25% of women amongst adults smoke. The figure does not look to an alarming when we compare the same with 1974 figures when 51% of men and 41% of women (that is nearly 50% of the adult population in UK) smoked cigarettes (UK SMOKING STATISTICS, www.nonsmokingday.org.uk). Thus, in the recent years the decline in smoking has been mostly concentrated amongst older population. More matured smokers are quitting smoking where as many youths are joining the smoking group. Smoking statistics further show that lower socio-economic group people smoke more than the people in the professional group. 39% of men and 34% of women in lower socio-economic group smoke as compared with 15% of men and 13% of women in professional group (UK SMOKING STATISTICS, www.nonsmokingday.org.uk). The smoking statistics in the age group of 11-15 years show that 6% of UK population in this age group smokes regularly in 2007. However, the regular smoking rate was 16% in 1977 in the age group of 11-15 year. Amongst the 15-year-old population, the smoking rate declined from 25% in 1982 to 20% in 2006 and further to 15% in 2007 (www.ash.org.uk). Thus to persuade the individuals further to quit smoking to increase their productivity and to apprise them about harmful effects of smoking, an effective advertisement campaign should be designed. Different advertisement campaigns should be designed to target different section of society. The segmentation should be done on the basis of age, sex and socio-economic status. Since in UK the maximum smoking rate is amongst the youth and lower socio-economic group, the maximum amount of UK anti-smoking advertisement budget should be kept for these two groups. Since the maximum smoking rate in UK is amongst the persons who aged 16 to 50 years, this project aims at describing the process for designing the effective anti smoking advertisement campaigns for the smokers who are in this age group. The variables which are very important for any advertisement campaign are: (a) content; (b) consistency; (c) clarity; and (d) reach (Sissors JT, Bumba L. _Advertising Media Planning_, 1989). Primarily the advertisement campaign should contain the harmful effects of smoking which should be targeted at different sections of the society in terms of their demographic profile. The content regarding highlighting negative impacts of smoking can be classified as below: The advertisements that highlight the adverse long-term effects of smoking in the health of smokers such as smoking causing diseases like lung cancer and other chronic heart problems. Advertisements that discuss the adverse effects in the short-run such as foul  breath and rejection while the smoker is involved in the romance. Advertisements that describe the false tactics employed by the cigarette companies to sell cigarettes which is a destructive and addictive product. The advertisement should emphasize that cigarette companies are illegally targeting minors and making false claims that cigarettes are non-addictive. Advertisements that involve role models who describe ill-effects of smoking. Advertisements that highlight the adverse effects of second hand smoke or passive smoking on children, friends and other family members. Advertisements that show smokers as the persons who have preferred unattractive and unhealthy life style. Advertisements that involve celebrities and showing that these celebrities are refusing to smoke. This project describes the approach that should be adopted while designing effective concepts of advertising to quit smoking. The approach is designed to help organizations which are involved in choosing the concepts of advertising for a campaign, the main objective of which is to motivate smokers to quit or to make an attempt to quit smoking. The approach is very appropriate for market research. The main objective of the approach is to conduct the market test for finding out the most appropriate advertisement for a particular market or target group. This may be achieved by analyzing the different advertisements which have already been developed in the past. The approach is based on the assumption that the persons who are watching these advertisements could be youth or adults, men or women, smokers or non-smokers. Different advertising campaigns should be designed for targeting different  sections of the society. The campaign which may be effective for adults, the same campaign may not be effective for youths. The project is further divided into four sections. Section 2 discusses the research objectives of the study. Section 3 explains the research methodology of the study. Section 4 provides the data analysis and empirical results while section 5 gives the recommendations 2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The main objective of this research is to assess different advertisement in terms of their ability to fulfill certain objectives of advertisement campaign. This objective can be achieved only if the research analyses reactions to different advertisements. The reactions to each of the advertisements can be analyzed on the following parameters: Whether the advertisement will be noticed by the smokers (Attention) Whether the smokers will find the advertisement as relevant to them (Identification) The kind of message that will be conveyed to smokers through the advertisement (Communication) The impact that the advertisement will have on smoking (Effect). The objectives of the advertisement will determine the objectives of research on communication and effect parameters. That is, If the main objective of the campaign is to provide awareness about the harmful effects of smoking – the objective is to find the advertisements which have the maximum potential to provide awareness about the effects of smoking on health. If the objective of the campaign is to encourage smokers to stop smoking –  the objective is to find the advertisements which have the maximum potential to encourage smokers towards quitting of cigarettes. If the objective of the campaign is to enhance awareness of harmful effects of passive smoking – the objective is to determine the advertisements which have the maximum potential to increase awareness of the ill-effects of second hand smoke. If the objective of the campaign is to develop or support smoke-free policies – the objective is to find out which advertisements have the maximum capacity to enhance support these smoke-free policies. The unintended effects of advertisements amongst smokers and persons outside the target audience group should also be identified by the research. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A focus group discussion approach has been used to conduct the research. In focus group discussion method, there is an involvement of several groups of persons from the target audience. Groups are segmented in terms of their demographic profiles. Persons of the group are encouraged to fruitfully discuss different possible advertisements. Experiences, attitudes and opinions are discussed in the focus groups. Various views are exchanged and explored during the discussion. The main advantage of the context of the group is the ability of group dynamics to bring new ideas and to encourage the debate on the issue. To successfully address the research objectives, minimum four group discussions should be conducted. The complexities involved in the target audience of campaign and the segmentation of the participants determine the number of groups that should be involved while conducting the research. _SEGMENTATION:_ The first task in designing the research is to determine the target audience.  This is followed by finding out the most suitable approach that will be used to segment the target audience into different groups. The segmentation is done on the basis of demographic profile such as age and sex. The following segmentation may be used if the objective of the campaign is to motivate smokers who aged 16 to 50 years to quit smoking. To design the research project and the inclusion of the participants in different groups, the following procedure should be adopted: Different groups should include only smokers (that is those who smoke at least five cigarettes in a day). Occasional smokers should not be included. Only those smokers should be included who are thinking to quit smoking in the next one year or some other time in the future. Smokers who are resistant to change should not be included. Only those smokers who represent suitable socio-demographic profiles should be included to reflect the smoking population. That is, all smokers should be from lower socio-economic group if the target group represents lower socio-economic status. People who are involved in promotion of healthy programmes, market research or having employment in cigarette companies should not be included. To design the project and the inclusion of participants, in addition to the above, some additional criteria are also worth considering. Consideration of these additional criteria will depend upon the characteristics of the smoker population, objectives of communication of the advertisements and the specific campaign’s aims. These additional criteria might contain the followings: Whether the conduct of the research should be in different locations, such as rural or urban or semi-urban. Whether the parents who are smokers should be included. Whether non-smokers and ex-smokers should be included in the research. In each focus group discussion, normally there is a recruitment of eight to  ten smokers. Many times it is better to recruit ten persons as all the people who are recruited will not attend at the given time and one should expect that seven or eight persons will attend. The constructive discussion on the issues and fruitful interaction may be held with this number. _GROUP DISCUSSION APPROACH:_ A room or a hall should be used for conducting group discussion. The group discussion needs to be arranged in a TV room where participants can see TV each other and the faculty. The discussions should be recorded for further review and analysis; if this is not possible proper notes should be drawn after each group. The research assistant shall fill-up a form after completion of each group which will contain the group number, advertisement name and member. Participants shall introduce themselves to each other and further explanation shall be given by the in charge of the group. The participants shall be distributed a set of forms for each Ad and final page after rating of all the advertisements. Each member shall view each of the advertisements and rate the same to have an individual decision without any pressure of the group. This shall result in healthier discussions in the group for exploration in detail. The tape of the advertisement for all the ads shall be run twice and stopped and the participants make ratings thereafter. Thereafter, the in charge of the group shall ask all the participants to complete the final page of rating and collect the same. The order of displaying the ads should be charged to overcome the similarly of preferential order in which these are present. It is necessary for the organizer to record the different number and name of the ad on the top before handing over. Afterwards, he will keep the ads in the order these are shown for each group. The ads should bear a short title in the requisite space before handing over the forms. Conversation between the participants and the moderator shall be held through open discussions where participants shall have freedom to speak openly. Participants may face different questions from the moderator. Research Assistant shall keep record notes of the discussions and observations, which shall based on attention, identification and communication of the smokers and lastly the effect of the ad or the smokers. The Research staff should take notes, include quotations from participants and make concluding observations from the groups as per the themes give below: Whether the advertisement will be noticed by the smokers. Whether the smokers will find the advertisement as relevant to them. What kinds of messages will be conveyed to the smokers. Whether there will be effect of the advertisement on smoking. Whether there will be any unintended consequences of the advertisement. 4. DATA NALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS: _RATING SHEETS:_ After the completion of all the groups, all the rating sheets should be collated and the analysis of results should begin. The percentage of persons who rightly identify the core message of the advertisement in either of the first two questions should also be calculated for each advertisement. Calculation should also be made for the percentage of persons who made definitely incorrect interpretation of the core message. This will provide the numerical scores for the themes of communication and unintended consequences. The scorer should decide in advance what is the core message of each advertisement and what will be taken as a correct core message to determine how to score responses of the people. The percentage of persons  who agree or disagree with each advertisement should be computed for each advertisement. A summary of the preferences of the people should be made by comparing these percentages for each advertisement. The percentage of persons who declared each advertisement as the most effective to quit or making an attempt to quit smoking should be computed on the final advertisement rating page. The same kind of rigorous analysis can be conducted by computing the percentage of each demographic group in terms of males and females, adults and youths etc. _GROUP DISCUSSION_ : After the completion of all the groups, the note taking form prepared by the Research Staff should be collated. The core themes and research objectives should be taken into account while analyzing results for each advertisement. The results should be analyzed in terms of the following parameters: Attention Relevance Message Effect Unintended consequences It should be ensured that from each group, all the issues and opinions have been taken into consideration. This can be achieved by taking additional notes (if required) after listening or watching the recordings of each group. One should consider only the opinions which are the most common. It is very important to judge whether an advertisement will be effective or not if only a mall number of participants express their opinions. It should be ensured by the researcher that all ranges of responses have been taken into account and not just the responses that confirm already  established findings and conclusions. When advertisements are compared and preferences are considered, it should be taken into account that the most liked advertisement of the group may not necessarily the best advertisement or anti smoking campaign. The advertisement should be effective and not necessarily liked by the participants. The advertisement which achieves the most objectives of the campaign is considered as the best advertisement. For this, advertisement needs to be noticed, to be relevant, to be able communicate the desired message and to prompt smokers to quit smoking. _COMBINED RESEARCH INFORMATION:_ To select the advertisement, which is most likely to fulfill the campaign objectives, the results obtained from the rating sheets and the discussion analysis should be combined and compared. The analysis of rating sheets will tell about comparison of the different advertisements on different important dimensions. The analysis of focus group discussion will explain about these differences. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS: While designing the effective advertisement campaign, one should take into account the target group for which the advertisement campaign has been designed. The campaign which is more effective for adults, may not necessarily effective for youths. While designing the advertisement campaign for youths, it should contain the following message themes – romantic rejection, smokers as negative role models, ill-effect of passive smoking, celebrities refusing to smoke, involvement of role models describing the ill-effects of smoking. When targeting adults, the ‘Emotional Consequences’ campaign will be more effective as it will make them think about the impact of their smoking on children, friends and other family members. In last, it is recommended that one should conduct the effects of advertisement campaign on outcome. Thus, pre and post test of any advertisement campaign should be conducted. REFERENCES: Teenage Smoking attitudes in 1996. Office for National Statistics, 1997 Goddard, E. General Household Survey 2006: Smoking and drinking among adults 2006. Office for National Statistics, 2008. Drug use, smoking and drinking among young people in England in 2007. The Information Centre for Health and Social Care, 2007 View report Bewley B.R, Day I, Ide L. Smoking by children in Great Britain. MRC Social Science Research Council, 1972. Dobbs J, Marsh A. Smoking among secondary schoolchildren. HMSO, 1982. Hamilton JL. The demand for cigarettes: advertising, thehealth scare, and the cigarette advertising ban. _Review of Economics and Statistics_ 1974;54:401-11. Lewit EM, Coate D, Grossman M. The effects of government regulation on teenage smoking. _Journal of Law and Economics_ 1981;24:545-69. Schneider L, Klein B, Murphy KM. Governmental regulation of cigarette health information. _Journal of Law and Economics_ 1981;24:575-611. Schuster CP, Powell CP. Comparison of cigarette and alcohol advertising controversies. _Journal of Advertising_ 1987; 16:26-33. Warner KE. The effects of the anti-smoking campaign on cigarette consumption. _Am J Public Health_ 1977;67:645-50. Perry CL, Kelder SH, Murray DM, _et al._ Communitywide smoking prevention: long-term outcomes of the Minnesota heart health program and the class of 1989. _Am J Public Health_ 1992;82:1210-6. Flynn B,Worden JK, Secker-Walker RH, _et al._ Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. _Am J Public Health_ 1992;82:827-34. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7791012.stm http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/9/3/273 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertising http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/87/20/1538 http://www.keynote.co.uk http://old.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact19.html http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/tobacco/messages.htm http://www.stop-smoking-updates.com/quitsmoking/smoking-and-children/causes-effects/why-youngsters-smoke.htm

From Now on, Let Women Kill Their Own Spiders

After reading the two articles â€Å"I Want a Wife† and â€Å"From Now On, Let Women Kill Their Own Spiders†,I find a better way to reduce both women’s and men’s complaints is for women to learn how to love themselves. The first article is written by Judy Brady from the point of view of women; even though is a woman, she wants a wife because a wife does all the housework in a family (Brady 542). In another article, written by Dave Barry, entitled â€Å"From Now On, Let Women Kill Their Own Spiders†, the author humorously appeals to men, telling them not to spoil their wives but to let their wives do their own business, like killing spiders (Barry 539). A woman's love is selfless and fearless; she pays all her attention to family and work. As a professional woman, she needs to work everyday no matter how difficult it is; as a housewife, she needs to keep the house clean and put everything in order; as a mother, she shoulders the responsibility to educate children and create an environment in which children can grow up healthy and happy. Women, you are so silly, when you find your husband paying less attention to you and beginning to complain, you totally lose yourself. So, women, don’t give all your love to others — you should learn to love yourself! To be a better woman, you should learn to appreciate yourself, even if you are just an ordinary woman who does not have a beautiful face or perfect figure. Every morning take a quick shower, put on a simple makeup, and be in a good mood. To be a better woman, you should love yourself and that means not only your appearance but also your inner beauty. Reading some articles everyday or even the newspaper won’t take a long time, but will increase your knowledge. To be a better woman, you should not abandon yourself. Women after getting married, in order to take care of her husband and children, they often give up their hobbies, friends or their own business. Taking time to do what you want is also a way to love yourself. To be a better woman, you should give yourself a beautiful vision and brilliant smile. You should believe that each couple is full of hopes and dreams for their future life together. In the journey of life, no one can accompany you all the time, but yourself. As a result, women must learn to love themselves. Only in this way can your life be filled with confidence and courage and be less lonely and helpless.

My First Love Essay Example

My First Love Essay Example My First Love Essay My First Love Essay Teens deal with conflict on a day-to-day basis. This holds true especially for Jason. You could say Jason was your average everyday teenager. He plays the guitar in his free time and has a great number of friends. But as for girlfriends, that’s a different story. It’s not like he isn’t an attractive guy. He has short brown hair, hazel eyes and a smile that was incomparable. His amazing guitar skills and abilities would make a girl go through the roof. And for one special girl, they do. Jason has attended a summer camp for the past four years.During these four years at camp there are at least ten girls who fall for him. Any other guy would see this as great, but not Jason. For three out of the four years he was at camp Jason had Brooke waiting on him at home. Brooke and Jason adored each other. But this summer would be different. Jason attends camp not looking for anyone but ends up meeting Laura. Laura lives in Campbell County and this is her second year at the c amp. Nothing really happens between them. They just become friends and promise to keep in touch until the next summer.The phone calls are endless with e-mails and online chats even longer. They are really starting to bond. By mid-September Jason’s mom, Tracy decides it’s time for everyone from the camp to meet up again before Halloween. She plans an all weekend sleepover at their house. Friends from all over the different counties will come and party the whole weekend through. The weekend before the big party, Randy, Jason’s best friend from camp comes in and helps his mom get the house ready. During that weekend, Brooke breaks Jason’s heart.She says she still loves him but isn’t in love with him. Jason is devastated. How could this be happening to him? Talking to Laura on the phone helps because she was going through the same thing. Although Laura won’t be able to make it to the party the following weekend, she calls often during that time to be there for Jason. Getting together with friends from camp helps to ease the pain. After all the partying, with their house a wreck, Tracy and Jason send everyone on their way. Since Laura wasn’t able to make it that weekend, she decides to visit the next weekend.Laura and Jason hit it off. Jason couldn’t be happier. Things are going great. But, Laura must leave and go back to her home far from Jason. They promise to keep in touch like they did after camp and they do. The random midnight phone calls just to say â€Å"Hey! † helped keep them connected. After Christmas that year, Jason and Brooke decide to work things out and give their relationship another shot. He and Laura decide that the distance is just too devastating. It’s so hard to keep a relationship with so much distance in between.Now, the phone calls are fewer because Jason is happy again. It’s great to feel loved again and to be shown love. Around a month after he stopped everyday c ontact with Laura, he receives an e-mail from her with a poem. The poem recollected all the aspects of their relationship that meant the world to her. The poem read â€Å"It all started with a naive crush on a boy with short hair who plays his guitar too much. There were meaningless conversations and our pointless first fight. The five a. m. phone calls just to tell me goodnight.Then his hour and half hour drive to see me just to make my birthday truly amazing. The secrets we kept and the things we went through. The love that this first off friendship grew into. We faced many hardships as the distance tore us apart. I listened to him sing the song about the ‘girl who broke his heart’. Just talking to him could bring me to tears, as the thought of losing him became my worst fear. As the months roll on the phone calls are less often, but the memories of our short time together are far from forgotten.We no longer devote hours each night just to talk to each other. And my constant comment that I’m ‘alright’ is still just a cover. He’ll always be my first ‘true love’ and the one who helped me grow. I’d like to thank him for all he’s taught me but, of that he’ll never know. † Jason smiled and closed his inbox. Laura had truly cared about him all that time. It was great to know he had a â€Å"true† friend. As time has passed Laura and Jason don’t talk as much as they used to but the memories of whatever they had are etched in stone forever.